Structure prediction of Hammerhead Ribozyme


Comparison of the reference (Rfam) structure of the Hammerhead Ribozyme and predicted structures. Two of the stems can not be predicted using the original RNAalifold. Better treatment of gaps is enough to predict all stems, but only using the RIBOSUM scoring scheme predicts all base pairs correctly.

Reference Structure of Hammerhead Ribozyme

identical to RIBOSUM predicted structure
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Structure using the original RNAalifold

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Structure when using the new gap treatment

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When looking at the structure annotated alignment, one can see that the blue hairpin loop is much too long if the old RNAalifold is used, and therefore will not be formed. This in turn leads to a very long, energetically highly unfavorable interior loop between the green and the red stem. Thus, the red stem can also only be correctly predicted if gaps are not used to evaluate loop energies.

The two outer blue base pairs have so many counter examples that only the RIBOSUM way of giving a small bonus to identical base pairs also leads to their inclusion into the structure.


Z69690.1/342-390       GCCCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................ 
Z69700.1/341-389       GCCCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................ 
Z69693.1/343-391       GCCCUGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................ 
Z69694.1/342-390       GCCCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................ 
Z69701.1/341-389       GCCCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................ 
Z69688.1/265-313       GCGCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................
Z69699.1/341-389       GCCCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................
Z69689.1/341-389       GCCCCGCUGGUGGGGUCAG............................................................
Z69697.1/341-389       GCCCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................ 
Z69686.1/342-390       GCCCCGCUGAUGAGGUCAG............................................................  
M19148.1/160-204       AUCCAACUGACCAGUCGGA............................................................ 
AF036745.1/119-163     AUCCAACUGACCAGUCGGA............................................................ 
L07513.1/84-40         AUCUAAAUGACGAGUCCUA............................................................ 
AF036398.1/58-102      AUCUUUCUGACGAGUUUCA............................................................ 
AF036755.1/118-162     AUCCNGCUGACGNGUCCCA............................................................ 
X15621.1/76-34         AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AY028787.1/23621-23665 AUUUAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
L23117.1/1024-1069     CGACUGCUGAGGAGUCCCAC...........................................................
AF036743.1/118-165     AUUCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF109181.1/634-589     GCAAUACUGAAGAGUUCCAC........................................................... 
AF036390.1/118-165     AUCCAACUGACGAGUGCCC............................................................ 
X15620.1/19-62         GGCUAGCAGUGGAAUCC.A............................................................ 
AF036741.1/118-165     AUCCAGCCGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036749.1/121-167     AUU.AACAGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
X15619.1/121-168       AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036394.1/118-165     AUCCAGCUGACGUGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036756.1/118-162     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036393.1/119-166     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036396.1/121-168     AUCCAACUGACGAGUGCCA............................................................ 
AF036397.1/119-166     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
X15621.1/101-144       ACUCCG.UGACAAGUCUCG............................................................ 
AF213693.1/184-228     AUCCAACCGAUGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036389.1/120-167     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................  
D87492.1/743-788       GCACUGCUGAGGAGUCCCAC........................................................... 
AF036746.1/113-157     AUCCAGCUGACCAGUCGGA............................................................ 
D87492.1/2147-2192     CAAUUGCUGAGGAGUCCCAU........................................................... 
AF036750.1/119-165     AUCUAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................
AF036748.1/120-164     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCUA............................................................ 
L07513.1/246-290       AUCUAGCUGACGAGUCCCG............................................................ 
AF036740.1/117-159     AUCCAGCUCACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036752.1/118-162     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036395.1/119-163     CCCUGGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036747.1/117-160     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................  
AF036392.1/121-168     AUCCAACUGACGAGCGCCA............................................................ 
D87493.1/3564-3609     GCACUUCUGAAGAGUCCCAU...........................................................
AF036751.1/118-161     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF213692.1/353-397     AUCCAGCCGAUGAGUUCCA............................................................ 
AF036391.1/121-168     AUCCAACUGACGAGUGCCA............................................................ 
D87492.1/1479-1524     AUCCAGUUGAUGAGUCCCAG...........................................................  
AF036754.1/91-138      AUCCAGUUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036404.1/122-166     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUGCCA............................................................ 
AF036401.1/123-167     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUCCCA............................................................ 
AF036400.1/123-167     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUGCCA............................................................ 
AF036402.1/123-167     AUCCAGCUGACGAGUGCCA............................................................ 
AF404059.1/70-187      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUAAAUAAAAAGUUCACCACGAC 
AF404053.1/70-186      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUCGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAAGUUCACCACGACU  
AF229821.1/180-64      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAAGUUCACCACGACU  
AF404073.1/70-162      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAACGACUCCUCCUUCUCU.............  
X52044.1/179-64        CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUCGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACUC 
AF404031.1/70-184      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACAACUCC 
AF404029.1/178-64      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUCUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACUCC
AF404055.1/70-187      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAAAGUUCACCACGAC  
AF404068.1/70-185      CUUUCCAUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACUC  
AF404052.1/70-187      CUUUCCCUGAAGUGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAAGUUCACCACGAC  
AF404062.1/178-64      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUCGAAGACGAGUGAACCAAUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACUCC  
AF404061.1/70-185      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGCUCACCACGACUC  
AF404040.1/70-186      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACU 
X52041.1/178-64        CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACUCC 
AF404051.1/70-186      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUCGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUAAAUAAAAAGUUCACCACGACU 
AF404063.1/176-63      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGGAACUAAUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACUCCU  
AF404041.1/70-183      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUAUAAAAGUUCACCACGACUCCU 
S74687.1/181-64        CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUCGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUUUUUAAAAAGUUCACCACAAC 
AF404054.1/70-188      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUCGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUUUAAUAAAAAGUUCACCACGAC  
AF404067.1/70-184      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUAACAAAAGUUCACCACGACUCC  
AF404046.1/177-64      CUUUCCCUGAAGAGACGAAGUGAUCAAGAGAUUGAAGACGAGUGAACUAAUUUUUUUAAUAAAAGCUCACCACGACUCC   
SS_cons                ((((((.......((((..............................................................
																																					 
Z69690.1/342-390      ............GGAAGACCGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...CGGG.GC Z69700.1/341-389      ............GGAAAACCGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...CGGG.GC Z69693.1/343-391      ............GGAAGACUGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...CGGG.GC Z69694.1/342-390      ............GGAAGACCGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...CGGU.GC Z69701.1/341-389      ............GGAAGACCGAA...AGUGUCGACUCAA...CGGG.GC Z69688.1/265-313      ............GGAAGACCGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...UGGG.GC Z69699.1/341-389      ............GGAAGACCGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...CAGG.GC Z69689.1/341-389      ............GGAAGGCCGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...CGGG.GC Z69697.1/341-389      ............GGAAGACUGAA...AGUGUCGACUCUA...CGGG.GC Z69686.1/342-390      ............GGAAGACCGAA...AGUGUUGACUCUA...CGGG.GC M19148.1/160-204       ............AAUUGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF036745.1/119-163     ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CAGG.AU L07513.1/84-40         ............AAUGGAACUAA...ACAC....AUGUG...UUUG.AU AF036398.1/58-102      ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGC....GUGUC...AUGG.AU AF036755.1/118-162     ............AAUAGGACGGA...AGGC....GCGUC...CCGG.AU X15621.1/76-34         ............AAUAAGACGA....ACGC....GCGU....CUGG.AU AY028787.1/23621-23665 ............AACGGUACGAA...ACUG....GCGUC...CUUG.AU L23117.1/1024-1069     ............AAUAGGGCGAU...ACGG....ACGUC...CAGU.GC AF036743.1/118-165     ............AAUAGGACGAAGUGACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF109181.1/634-589     ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGG....CGAUC...CAGU.GU AF036390.1/118-165     ............AAUAGGAGGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGC.AU X15620.1/19-62         ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF036741.1/118-165     ............AAUAAAACGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAAGUGG.AU AF036749.1/121-167     ............AAUAGGACGAAGUGACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU X15619.1/121-168       ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGC....UCGUCAAAAUGC.AU AF036394.1/118-165     ............AACAGCACGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGC.AU AF036756.1/118-162     ............AGUAGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF036393.1/119-166     ............AACAGGACGAA...ACGA....GAGUCAAACUGC.AU AF036396.1/121-168     ............AAUAGGAGGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGC.AG AF036397.1/119-166     ............AACAGCACGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGC.AU X15621.1/101-144       ............AAUAGGACGAA...AUGU....GCGUC...CUAG.AU AF213693.1/184-228     ............AAUAGAACGAA...ACCU....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF036389.1/120-167     ............AACAGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGC.AU D87492.1/743-788       ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGA....CCGUC...CAGU.AC AF036746.1/113-157     ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU D87492.1/2147-2192     ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACGG....CCGUC...CAGU.GC AF036750.1/119-165     ............AAUAGGACGAA...AU.C....GCGUCAAACUGG.AU AF036748.1/120-164     ............AAUAGGGUGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU L07513.1/246-290       ............AAUAGGAGGAA...GUGC....UCGUU...CAAU.AU AF036740.1/117-159     ............AAUAGGACGAA...ACG......CGUC...CUCC.AU AF036752.1/118-162     ............AAUAGGACUUG...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF036395.1/119-163     ............AACAGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF036747.1/117-160     ............AAUAGG.CGAA...ACGC....GCGUC...CUGG.AU AF036392.1/121-168     ............AAUAGGAGGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGC.AU D87493.1/3564-3609     ............GCUAGGACGAA...ACAG....CCUUC...CAGU.AC AF036751.1/118-161     ............AAUAGGACGA....ACGC....ACUUC...CUAG.AU AF213692.1/353-397     ............AACAGGACUAA...ACGC....GCUUC...UUGG.AU AF036391.1/121-168     ............AAUAGGAGGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGC.AU D87492.1/1479-1524     ............AGAAGGACGAA...ACGU....GCAUC...CUGG.AU AF036754.1/91-138      ............AAUUGGACGAA...ACGC....GCGUCAAACUGG.AU AF036404.1/122-166     ............AAUAGGACGAA...AUGC....GCAUC...CUGG.AU AF036401.1/123-167     ............AAUAGGACGAA...AUGC....GCAUC...CUGG.AU AF036400.1/123-167     ............AAUAGGACGAA...AUGU....GCAUC...CUGG.AU AF036402.1/123-167     ............AAUACGACGAA...AUGC....GCAUC...CUGG.AU AF404059.1/70-187      UCCUCCUUCUCUCACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404053.1/70-186      CCUCCUUCUCU.CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGCA.AG AF229821.1/180-64      CCUCCUUCUCU.CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404073.1/70-162      ............CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG X52044.1/179-64        CUCCUUCUCU..CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404031.1/70-184      UCCUUCUCU...CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGCG.AG AF404029.1/178-64      UCCUUCUCU...CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGCA.AG AF404055.1/70-187      UCCUCCUUCUCUCACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404068.1/70-185      CUCCUUCUCU..CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404052.1/70-187      UCCUCCUUCUCUCACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404062.1/178-64      UCCUUCUCU...CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404061.1/70-185      CUCCUUCUCU..CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404040.1/70-186      CCUCCUUCUCU.CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG X52041.1/178-64        UCCUUCUCU...CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404051.1/70-186      CCUCCUUCUCU.CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404063.1/176-63      CCUUCUCU....CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404041.1/70-183      CCUUCUCU....CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG S74687.1/181-64        UCCUCCUUCUCUCACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAA.AG AF404054.1/70-188      UCCUCCUUCUCUCACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGAACAG AF404067.1/70-184      UCCUUCUCU...CACAAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGCA.AG AF404046.1/177-64      UCCUUCUCU...CA.AAGUCGAA...ACUCA...GAGUC...GGGA.AG SS_cons               ................))))......((((....))))....)))).))